C++ Exception

All exceptions thrown by components of the C++ Standard library throw exceptions derived from this std::exception class. These are:
exception description
bad_alloc thrown by new on allocation failure
bad_cast thrown by dynamic_cast when fails with a referenced type
bad_exception thrown when an exception type doesn't match any catch
bad_typeid thrown by typeid
ios_base::failure thrown by functions in the iostream library


http://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/libstdc++/libstdc++-html-USERS-3.3/classstd_1_1exception.html